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Lithium battery redox reaction
Release time:
2024-10-18
The principle and process of redox reaction in lithium batteries
The oxidation-reduction reaction of lithium batteries mainly occurs between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. Taking lithium metal batteries as an example, the positive electrode material is usually manganese dioxide (MnO ₂), and the negative electrode material is metallic lithium or its alloy. During the discharge process, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode, migrate to the positive electrode through the electrolyte, undergo a reduction reaction with the positive electrode material, release electrons, and form an electric current. During the charging process, the process is reversed, with lithium ions migrating from the positive electrode back to the negative electrode and electrons returning to the negative electrode through an external circuit, completing the charging process.
Types and characteristics of lithium batteries
Lithium batteries are mainly divided into lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium metal batteries use metallic lithium or its alloys as negative electrode materials, while lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium, but use compounds that insert and remove lithium ions as positive and negative electrode materials. Lithium ion batteries are more widely used in practical applications due to their higher safety and longer cycle life.
Safety issues of lithium batteries
Lithium batteries generate heat during the charging and discharging process. If the internal temperature rises too quickly and unevenly, it may lead to thermal runaway, causing explosions or combustion. In addition, lithium metal exposed to air undergoes violent oxidation reactions with oxygen, increasing the risk of explosion. Therefore, the safety of lithium batteries has always been a focus of research and application.
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